Understanding the facts and needs of population in Palestine is critical to understanding and interpreting demographic developments, especially those related to demographic distribution and transformation. The Palestinian territories are distinguished by unique component types of population due to Palestine’s political realities and the context of forced displacements. Demographic transformation and the associated decrease in fertility rates and the increase in the percentage of working age individuals of provide an opportunity to achieve a demographic dividend. This paper undertakes the study and analysis of future demographic expectations and development needs, examining potential challenges and opportunities for policy makers and development planners in Palestine to benefit optimally from this dividend, make investments, and institute appropriate planning.