This research paper observes the reality of research in Arab science and technology, and compares it with leading international experiences, in order to set out the possible futures of the research system in Arab science and technology and its outputs. The paper is based on the most important indicators in terms of gross domestic expenditure on R&D, number of researchers, scientific publications, and patents, to confront it in a comparative study with some of the most important leading international experiences in research in science and technology, which include North American countries, European Union, and eastern and southeastern Asian countries, and finally chart three future scenarios for research in Arab science and technology.