Algeria is a country with relatively important conventional fossil-fuel energy resources which have given birth to a world-ranking oil and gas industry and enabled a supply of energy that has helped develop a number of sectors and formed a source of rentier income that has enabled infrastructure and social programs. This rentier income, however, has not generated new sustainable wealth to form an alternative in the long term. In this paper, Abdel-Majid al-Attar highlights the pressing need in the short term for a balance between this rentier income, which remains essential for the coming years, and implementation of the energy transition on the model of what is happening around the world to ensure energy security. Al-Attar sees that the Algerian national interest demands making preparation to exploit non-conventional fuels, which, at present and in the future, are in the mainstream for potential renewal of energy resources.