As many development and urban planning experts argue, cities are the real context in which climate change challenges will be won or lost. Cities have the potential to reduce their emissions by 90 percent by 2050 using technically feasible measures. Efforts to engage cities in climate governance have made significant progress, but there remains untapped potential for cities to take stronger action in tackling the climate emergency. The paper therefore addresses future challenges and opportunities for city and town planning in a changing climate, and recommends key actions for a more resilient urban future, especially in the context of Gulf cities.