This paper aims at exploring the role of economic instruments in achieving the objectives of the Arab world's environmental policies, by presenting the experiences of three Arab countries, Morocco, Jordan and Tunisia, to protect the environment within the framework of sustainable development by focusing on the role of environmental taxation. These economic instruments include taxes, fees and royalties, which include either contaminated elements, products or services that cause environmental degradation and damage to natural resources. The papers shows that while a green tax is important in operationalizing green financial policies and strengthening adaptation efforts to climate change and mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases, it lacks the desired efficiency in changing polluting behaviours due to conflicting requirements for sustainable development and the challenges of financial and economic viability.