This research reviews the evolution of demographic conditions and economic, social and environmental trends over the past four decades, and addresses the content of the most prominent policies, strategies and programs developed to address the topic of “Population, Economic Development and Environment,” seeking to show how opportunities were missed for achieving goals that fall within the framework of Lebanon's commitment for realizing the Cairo Conference on Population and Development Program of Action, the Millennium Development Goals, and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and viewing prospective opportunities and future directions for population and development strategies. The paper concludes by spotlighting anticipated opportunities to develop a comprehensive framework for sustainable development that integrates the various dimensions of development called for by the 2030 Agenda, from which follow sectoral strategies, policies and plans.