This study examines the impact of the shale gas revolution in countries that have significant reserves of this energy resource. Algeria is one of the most important regions in the world having substantial shale gas reserves, mainly concentrated in the southern region, in areas of arid desert. In spite of Algeria's success in diversifying its energy resources – seen as the main pillar of Algerian economy – by compensating for the lack of traditional oil reserves in the country with shale gas, environmental concerns need to be considered. The social resistance that accompanied the first exploitations of shale gas fields, may influence the directions of this energy strategy and lead to its expansion to include additional economic options.